Definition and Examples of Leading Questions

A leading question is a type of question that implies or contains its own answer. By contrast, a neutral question is expressed in a way that doesnt suggest its own answer. Leading questions can serve as a form of  persuasion. They  are rhetorical in the sense that the implied answers can be an attempt to shape or determine a response. Phillip Howard says: While we are on about questions of rhetoric, let us put on the record for those being interviewed on television that  a leading question is not a hostile one  that goes to the nub and puts one on the spot(A Word in Your Ear, 1983). In addition to TV journalism, leading questions can be used in sales and marketing, in job interviews, and in court. In polls and surveys, a problematic question can skew the results: Subtle leads  are questions that may not be immediately recognized as leading questions. Harris (1973) reports studies which demonstrate that the way a question is worded can influence the response. For example, asking somebody how tall a basketball player is produced greater estimates than when respondents were asked how short the player was. The average guess of those who were asked how tall? was 79 inches, as opposed to 69 inches for those who were asked how small? Hargie describes a study by Loftus (1975) which reported similar findings when forty people were asked about headaches. Those who were asked Do you get headaches frequently and, if so, how often? reported an average of 2.2 headaches per week, whereas those who were asked Do you get headaches occasionally and, if so, how often? reported only 0.7 per week. Some interviewers may deliberately use subtle leads to obtain the answers they desire, but often neither the interviewer nor respondent is aware of the extent to whic h the wording of the question can influence the response.(John Hayes,  Interpersonal Skills at Work. Routledge, 2002) In Court In a courtroom, a leading question is one that tries to put words in the witness mouth or looks for the person to echo back what the questioner asked. They dont leave room for the witness to tell the story in his or her own words. Authors Adrian Keane and Paul McKeown illustrate: Leading questions are usually those so framed as to suggest the answer sought. Thus it would be a leading question if counsel for the prosecution, seeking to establish an assault, were to ask the victim, Did X hit you in the face with his fist? The proper course would be to ask Did X do anything to you and, if the witness then gives evidence of having been hit, to ask the questions Where did X hit you and How did X hit you?(The Modern Law of Evidence, 10th ed. Oxford University Press, 2014) Leading questions are not allowed on direct examination but are allowed on cross-examination and select other instances, such as when the witness is labeled as a hostile one.   In Sales Author Michael Lovaglia explains how salespeople use leading questions to gauge customers, illustrating with a furniture store salesperson:   Buying a roomful of furniture is a major purchase, a big decision....The salesperson, waiting impatiently, wants to hurry the process along. What can she do? She probably wants to say, So buy it already. Its just a sofa. But that would not help. Instead, she asks a leading question: How soon would you need your furniture delivered? The customer might answer Right away or Not for a few months, until we move into our new house. Either answer serves the salespersons purpose. The question assumes that the customer will need the stores delivery service, though that is true only after the customer buys the furniture. By answering the question, the customer implies that she will go ahead with the purchase. The question helps push her into a decision that she had been uncertain about until she answered it.(Knowing People: The Personal Use of Social Psychology. Rowman Littlefield, 2007)

The Holocaust, By Elie Wiesel Essay - 2324 Words

The Holocaust is one of the darkest and most saddening events in European history. The concentration camps in Europe, like Auschwitz, were places of torture and murder where millions of Jews were exterminated. As a Polish citizen myself, I have heard stories of the Holocaust that were passed down from my great grandmother who lived in Krakow, which is a small town close to where Auschwitz was located. My great grandmother and many high school history classes only ever mentioned the horrific treatment and extermination of Jews in Auschwitz. However, in 1944 Elie Wiesel’s account of Auschwitz in his memoir, Night, describes being transported from Auschwitz I, which was SS headquarters, to Auschwitz II, which was a killing centre, and then finally to Auschwitz III, which was a slave labour camp. My interest of Auschwitz’s three camps from reading Elie Wiesel’s memoir has led me to research and write about the different concentration camps, Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II (Birkenau), and Auschwitz III (Buna), that Elie Wiesel was taken to and discuss their purposes. Elie Wiesel’s, Night, provides a limited description of Auschwitz I because Wiesel briefly stopped there and was sent to Birkenau to undergo selection to determine if a civilian was able to provide work for the SS guards. Auschwitz I was created in an abandoned Polish military barrack in Oswiecim, which is a town in Western Poland. Auschwitz I held strategic elements to the Nazi’s because it was a coal rich region thatShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust By Elie Wiesel1107 Words   |  5 PagesThesis Statement: The hardships that Elie Wiesel faced in the concentration camps lead him to lose faith, until after when realizing it was crucial to keep faith in God despite the horrendous events of the Holocaust. What God would let his people be burned, suffocated to death, separated from their families, and starved toRead MoreThe Holocaust: Night by Elie Wiesel1635 Words   |  7 PagesSix million Jews were killed during the Holocaust. The Jews were persecuted, tortured and slaughtered in concentration camps (â€Å"The Holocaust† 1). Night by Elie Wiesel is the powerful memoir of his experiences during the Holocaust. Night shows the tragedy of the Holocaust through the use literary devices, including the themes of loss of faith and cruelty toward other human beings, night as a symbol of suffering and fear, and the use of first person narrative. Night allows the reader to emotionallyRead MoreThe Holocaust Of Night By Elie Wiesel991 Words   |  4 PagesElie Wiesel wrote this non-fiction book to alert his audience of his and his families experiences in the Holocaust and what they went through. He notes his journey through chronological events using extreme description. He accompl ished this purpose by detailing every little thing that he experienced and that the people around him experienced. The central thesis of Night by Elie Wiesel is that a hostile and insensitive environment and world can cause even the strongest person to lose faith and identityRead MoreThe Elie Wiesel s The Holocaust1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity quotes Elie Wielsel’s, â€Å"Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and human sensitivities become irrelevant. Whenever men and women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place- at that moment- become the center of the universe.† Many people suffered and had to give up their lives during the holocaust. The days of horror and torture during this time isRead MoreElie Wiesel as a Survivor of the Holocaust2000 Words   |  8 Pagescamps during the Holocaust. This started when the Nazi pa rty established a â€Å"Final Solution† that sought out to eradicate the inferior Jewish race from Germany and the world (â€Å"Holocaust†). A person cannot look at this event and see nothing except for the dark, evil side of human nature. However, if a person looks at the Holocaust from a survivor’s point of view, they can see the good side of human nature, especially if someone looks at it from Elie Wiesel’s perspective. Elie Wiesel and his family wereRead MoreElie Wiesel s The Holocaust1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust appeared to be a time of darkness and it seemed like on Earth and in heaven, each doorway of humanity, empathy, and kindness had been closed down. Those who did not encounter the Holocaust cannot begin to comprehend what it was like, however, those who did cannot begin to express it. Torture, genocide, and cruel acts started to fill brains and souls. The Holocaust was an event where millions of people were being murdered during Wo rld War II. The memoir, Night by Elie Wiesel is basedRead MoreElie Wiesel s The Holocaust993 Words   |  4 PagesElie Wiesel experienced several horrors throughout the Holocaust. As a boy, he lost his family and his faith in his own religion because of the mass slaughter of six million Jews along with several different races and religions. Elie describes scenes that a fifteen year old child should never have to see such as frantic families lined up for a death in fire, bodies crushed all over as people ran them over, and babies being thrown into pits of fire. One day, police move the Jews, eighty per carRead MoreElie Wiesel: A Holocaust Survivor723 Words   |  3 Pageslast victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory† (Wiesel, Night viii). As a result of the horrors that Elie Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, he devoted his life to become meaningful. Wiesel’s decent disposition changes through atrociously inhumane conduct toward Jews during the Holocaust as he becomes a brute to solidify identity, levy fears, and boost morale. Before his arrival in Auschwitz, Wiesel identified himself as a devout Jew training in his studies of KabbalahRead MoreElie Wiesel : The Survivor Of The Holocaust2445 Words   |  10 Pagesexperiences are more devastating than others. Each survivor has his/her way of coping with the trauma and maintaining sanity. Elie Wiesel, one the survivors of the Holocaust, gives us some insight into dealing with extremely difficult experiences. He spent a year imprisoned in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps, the same camps where he lost all his family members (Wiesel 15). After his liberation, he moved to France where he learned French and studied Literature, Philosophy, and PsychologyRead MoreRacism During The Holocaust By Elie Wiesel1285 Words   |  6 PagesWays In 1944-1945, Elie Wiesel was one of the few survivors to witness the lives during the Holocaust. He was only 15 years old to experience many brutal and harsh treatment between the Jews and the non-Jews. Growing up, Wiesel had faced many prejudice in the concentration camp as a prisoner by the Gestapos and other non-Jew workers. In 1960, Wiesel wanted to share his past experiences from the Holocaust by writing his memoir. In his memoir, Night, Elie Wiesel discusses the theme of Racism

Floods and weather conditions in Turkey

Question: Write in detail of an event of 2016 floods and weather conditions in Turkey ? A) were they prepared B) How they managed C) After response and recovery Answer: Introduction Turkey and its populations show a higher perceived risk of an earthquake as compared to other countries and the country is no stranger to experiencing earthquakes (Knuth et al., 2014) and other natural calamities. Thus, any experience with a hazard raises the perceived risk of that hazard. Disaster of any kind of disaster leads to injuries and diseases, loss of human life and all those add to burdens of health-care costs and economic loss. The damage to public structures and commercial enterprises spells disaster for a community. Almost 40% of all natural disasters across the world are due to floods (Ercment et al., 2005). Poor socio-economic and health conditions of a community add to the deaths and injuries. Thus, there is a rise in the number of infectious diseases, respiratory infections, diarrhea and malaria in the areas after the floods. About floods In meteorological terms, flooding is usually defined as a localized hazard that is the result of excessive and localized precipitation in a short period in a given location. Flash floods and single-event floods are the most common according to the World Meteorological Organization, which identifies about ten different types of floods (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). During the flash floods, one sees a very rapid rise and recession of the flooding waters, followed by landslides and debris flows. The severity of a flooding is influenced by soil moisture, land conditions and the terrain of the area. Single-event floods are caused by heavy rains with cyclonic disturbances and can last for hours and days. Floods are one of the most common natural disasters, and flooding is fast becoming a greater threat to mankind. Turkey experiences various natural disasters related because of its geographical location, geology, and topography. The natural disasters such as landslides, gravity flows; floods and s now avalanches are getting common here. Devastating flood events in recent times have taken place in various river basins of Turkey, causing death and extensive damages. Floods in the coastal zones in Turkey are created mainly because of heavy rainfall along with certain geomorphologic features (Yksek, Kankal nc, 2013).Floods can occur because of sudden snowmelt in the mountainous part of Turkey or due to heavy rainfall in the coastal areas. Floods are considered the most commonly occurring natural disasters in the world. Global warming and climatic changes have raised the severity and frequency of the floods in Turkey. They are a cause of major economic losses and mortality in Turkey. Recent floods in Turkey Turkey is located in the region of two continents Asia and Europe. It is made of seven geographical regions, Southeastern Anatolia, Marmara, Aegean, Black Sea, Mediterranean, Eastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia. Most of the rivers surrounding the country flow into the seas. Although the climatic conditions of Turkey are quite temperate, it is the diverse nature of the landscape that is the cause behind. For example, the parallel running mountains to the coasts create noteworthy variances in climatic conditions. The coastal areas enjoy milder climates, and the inland Anatolian plateau faces extreme summers and winters as compared to other areas. 501 m3 rain of rainfall falls annually in Turkey (Ercment et al., 2005). In 2016, the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey remained inundated because of the torrential rains. The people were forced to stay in their homes and watch the streets getting flooded. Private and public transport vehicles came to a halt and holidays were announced because of the flooding in Mersin (Torrential rain floods Turkey 2016). Dozens of buildings and bridges were damaged in Turkeys Ordu Province because of floods and heavy rains. The bad weather caused landslides and flash flooding in numerous districts and many small rivers such as Kacal? and Gargacak were overflowing (Davies, 2016). Strong winds, torrential rainfall and heavy snowfall in some cities in Turkey, including the capital Ankara, and Istanbul, left life paralyzed for days. Turkish Airlines canceled many flights, and the Ferry service between Istanbul and northwestern Bursa was limited. Many schools remained closed in western, northern, central and southern cities (Heavy snowfall, rainfall, floods, 2016). Heavy snowfall and rains lashed Turkey, and citizens in Antalya were taken by surprise by the severe weather conditions. Heavy rains hit the Southern province of Mersin, thus causing deadly floods accompanied by heavy snowfall (Heavy snowfall, deadly flash flooding hits T urkey, 2016). Based on local media reports, the neighboring province of Giresun was affected. Turkeys Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency reported that several buildings and roads had been severely damaged. It is observed that Turkey is extremely vulnerable to flash flooding and the coastal cities surrounded by steep mountains are exposed to the risks of landslides (Davies, 2016). Turkey life was paralyzed under the heavy snowfall and rains and deadly floods in the southern part of the country. Many areas and schools in central and northern provinces were closed due to snow. Heavy snowfall was seen in central and northern Anatolia. Ankara-Afyonkarahisar road was closed because of the heavy snow, making the intercity buses immobile. Many people were wounded and killed due to bad weather. Domestic and international flights got concealed. (Snow, storms hit Turkey, 2016).The municipalitys disaster coordination center and Meteorologists in Istanbul warned the nation about snow a nd storm in the Istanbul area. What makes Turkey prone to floods Turkey suffers different natural disasters because of its geographical location, precipitation regime, and topography and faces flash floods, earthquakes, forest fires, avalanches, and landslides. Flash floods are a serious natural disaster here, and there are more than twenty flood events every year in the country (Yildirim et al., 2016). The region surrounding the city of Edirne in Turkey is prone to flooding because of its exposure to impacts of Maritza, Arda and Tundja River basin systems (Tuncok 2015). Marmara region and Istanbul areas are highly prone to flash floods (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). Other factors such as urbanization, land use changes, construction and poor drainage add to the risks, especially in the major urban areas. According to Tuncok (2015), the densely populated Turkish part of the river basin lacks geographical space for installing such structural prevention measures. However, nonstructural measures can be employed by river beds and banks rehabilitation as flood prevention measures. Hydrological impact evaluation of climate change on the Omerli Basin of Istanbul, based on simulations and grid scale and application of HBV hydrologic model suggest that the high flows are expected to rise in the by the end of the twenty-first century (Kara, Yucel, 2015). Research suggests that the urban precipitation shows higher variation than the rural one. Thus, it points out that urban areas are more prone to frequent and severe droughts and floods. This could be because of increased convective and orographic activity in the urban areas. The lowering precipitation in the Western areas of Turkey can be looked at as the positive trend of Notchy Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (Tayan et al., 2009). However, the northern areas of the country are experiencing an increase in precipitation because of the Mediterranean type of climate. The rise in population plus the drop of precipitation in the Western areas of Turkey plus the rise in temperatures can create several risks. Looking at the socio-economic diversity of the area and the climate changes, Turkey can experience an increased stress on water resources. The damaging floods are seen to affect many parts of Turkey in recent years. The country has suffered millions of dollars economic damage due to freque nt floods in major cities of the country. A study on Marmara flood reflects that human activity can amplify the impacts of floods and increase the economic losses (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). Floods are the third most frequent disasters in Turkey, and the flood risk management is not yet in place in Turkey. As asserted by Ak?nc?, Erdo?an (2014), the experts are concerned about the formats and the scales in which the data are generated. The Marmara region in Turkey is very sensitive to adverse weather conditions. It supports 60% of the industry of Turkish Republic and thus is an important geopolitical region. This is the first area to be affected by cyclones from the North West side of the country, because of its particular features and location. The lower mountains provide no barrier to weather systems, and the region falls in the transitional zone between the Mediterranean and Black seas climates (Deniz et al., 2013). The Climate factors and the topography Turkey has a complex climatic structure and thus is among those countries that will be affected the most because of global warming. Different regions of Turkey because of their fragmented topography and surrounded with waters by three sides will experience climate changes in various manners. Arid and semi-arid regions such as Southeastern, Central Anatolia, Aegean and Mediterranean regions, under desertification will see considerable temperature increase (Bueyuekyildiz et al., 2009).Those climate changes in future can lead to changes in agricultural activities in Turkey. Global warming and climate changes can lead to increasing number of floods, droughts, decreasing agricultural productions, increasing number of forest fires and a lowered biological diversity. Depending on the rise in seawater level, the low flood-delta and coast plains of Turkey s can remain under water. Turkey suffers from floods due to torrential rain that falls during early autumn and winter. Most of the flood incidents take place in the in coastal parts and are triggered by cyclones from the Mediterranean. The humid air masses coming from the Mediterranean Sea create intense rainfalls over the windward slopes of the mountain ranges on the coast. As started by KomuAcu Celik (2013), Orographic lifting pushes the extremely moist air upslope towards the higher Taurus Mountains and thus cause heavy rainfall along the Mediterranean coasts of the country in the North. The interior parts of the country experience convective precipitation during the changing seasons of spring and autumn. It is the orographic and frontal lifting of the saturated air masses in the coastal regions that lead to an intense rainfall and the most damaging type of floods. The erraticism of suspended sediment release is a result of the several factors that interact such as rainfall, sediment availability, soil moisture, characteristics of discharge and antecedent rainfall. During the rainy season, the soil moisture is relatively high and generate overland flow. Persistent rainfall in the saturated soil can lead to the occurrence of floods (Dominic, Aris, Sulaiman, 015). Thus, the dry and wet tropical weather conditions impact the discharge of suspended sediment, depending on the intensity of the rainfall. As stated by (Yksek, Kankal nc (2013), the precipitation types can be frontal and convective and depending on the time of the year, intense rainfall can lead to flooding. When orographic and frontal lift of the saturated air masses create surface convergence, it leads to very intense rainfall, and this can create the most dangerous type of floods in coastal regions. The accumulated snow in the upper basins of Anatolian rivers melt in May or June and can cause flooding in downstream rivers. The strata in the Eastern Black Sea Basin of Turkey is generally made of impermeable or semi-permeable volcanic rocks, and it is the rainiest one in Turkey. The flood inventory in Turkey shows an average of 18 flood events taking place every year (Yksek, Kankal nc, 2013). A brief analysis of the floods shows a link between the return periods of heavy rainfall and extreme floods. As there has been no significant climate change, the reasons for harms are related to credited to human factors and activities such as urbanization, deforestation and illegal land use. Scientists have concluded a link between the warming seas and flood events in the Black Sea region of Russia. The warmer temperatures of the sea surface create an increased precipitation intensity that goes beyond 300% (Davies, 2016). Turkish State Meteorological Service reported 269.4 mm of rain fell in 24 hours in Be?ikdz and the heavy rain seems to be localized in the province. A study shows most of the deaths due to floods occurring in the Eastern Black Sea Basin and Black Sea Region. The melting snow in summer create floods in the rivers in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The flow rates of the rivers get very high in summer (Ercment et al., 2005). Is Turkey Prepared The present situation is not satisfactory because of inefficient infrastructure and uncontrolled urbanization. There is a need to modernize the current disaster management system in Turkey, and better cooperation is needed among all the state organizations. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that the coastal communities are threatened by the global mean sea-level rise. The local sea-level along the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey in Izmir has risen at a pace of 6.80.9 mm year between 1984 and 2002 (Demirkesen et al., 2007). These sea-level rises carry economic and ecological significance as they can cause irreversible changes to the coastal ecosystems. The flood risk map indicates that Menemen delta, settlements of Karsiyaka, Candarli, Aliaga, Alacati, and Selcuk are at high risk. However, the south coastlines of the Izmi appear to be less susceptible to the predictable sea-level rise (Demirkesen et al., 2007). Urban areas such as Istanbul are very challenging as the current flood control structures, and drainage network cannot deal with large surface runoffs. Even small-scale flash floods can cause considerable damage in the city excuse of its high population density. The flood risk zones will continue to grow as long as people continue to occupy the risk areas (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). It is observed that there are not very strict construction codes regarding the settlement of people along the rivers. What adds to the risks are weather conditions and poor management of water resources in Turkey. Unprecedented floods in the city were connected to settlements made on dried river beds (Heavy snowfall, rainfall, floods, 2016). Flood forecasting systems are not well developed in Turkey, and the technical infrastructures of such systems need to get updated based on latest developments in the technology. The flood forecasting system comprises of three basic elements, and these include hydrologic and hydraulic models, real-time data acquisition and an updated data assimilation (Ak?nc?, Erdo?an, 2014). Besides those basic elements, a strong cooperation is required among different parties in the process of flood forecasting and risk management, as diverse kind of data are required from several institutions. The decision makers need timely and up-to-date spatial data for making the right decisions in case of disasters and emergencies. The first step would be to develop a comprehensive flood mitigation plan and integrate it in the current flood plain management. The risk areas prone to floods should be identified, and further construction activities halted in those areas with specific building codes. Industrial f acilities and residential buildings in risk zones should be relocated to other safer areas (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). A flash flood early warning system should monitor water levels and temporal distribution of rainfall. What is being done European natural disaster management policy with the Flood Directive has empathized on the need of a comprehensive flood risk management approach. One of the fundamental steps for EU member states is flood mapping and the detection of potential flood prone areas. There has been a notable rise in the number of flood events worldwide in the last three decades. Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) techniques should be taken into account for studying flood-prone areas (Papaioannou, Vasiliades, Loukas, 2014). The analysis can help estimate associated flood hazard degree based on spatial data and multi-criteria evaluation procedures. The EU directive promotes Flood risk management that has two components, first, the assessment of flood risk and the development of flood risk management plans based on the assessment (Markantonis, Meyer Lienhoop ,2013). Turkey government is focusing its attention on appropriate flood management and mitigation measures to minimize the effects of flooding and the lo ss of life, infrastructures, and properties (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). The accurate knowledge of meteorological conditions can work as a reliable early flood warning system that can help in the risk management of such hazardous events. As asserted by Yildirim et al. (2016), Turkey Earthquake and Flood Emergency Recovery Project has been established by the Turkish government that follows a cohesive approach for controlling risk due to floods. It is setting up new AWSs in relevant sites across Turkey in order to get the essential data for the deterrence of those natural disasters. Turkey aims to provide a more accurate data available to the decision makers so that life and damage losses because of those natural disasters can be reduced. Modern real-time forecasting and early warning system (FFEWS) with an integrated decision support system (DSS), provides superior support and possibilities to improve the flood planning and management competencies of the river basin system (Tuncok 2015). New hydrologic and hydraulic modeling software tool simulate hydrologic and hydraulic conditions to assess different scenarios for reservoir systems. FFEWS integrated into an overall DSS is a significant improvement in the accuracy and consistency of decision-making processes. The purpose of geophysical observations is to make real-time research on weather analyses, natural disaster preparation, and aid in agricultural meteorology and climatology research. As the effective observation provides an accurate analysis and thus it is essential to increase the number of observation stations and restructure them, especially in those countries that are often struck by natural disasters. Latest technological developments and automatic weather stations (AWSs) can be employed to improve the capability of disaster prevention procedures and mitigate the impact of meteorological hazards (Yildirim et al., 2016). These stations, based on accurate data can provide early warnings of severe storms, ra instorms, lightning, and floods. The hydrologists during the last decade are giving considerable attention to the potential impacts of climate change on water resources and hydrology. Traditionally speaking, the general circulation models are assessed by a top-down approach and the hydrological model inputs the local climate signal to evaluate the direct consequences. The mismatch of temporal and spatial scales between river basins and the considerable efforts required, different predictions contribute to the spatial disparity of climate change impacts (Fujihara et al., 2008). A new inverse approach promises to deal with those issues, and it begins with the documentation of local critical hydrological exposures of an existing water resource. An adequate risk management and preparedness with a response framework are very essential under such circumstances at regional and national levels. The framework requires standardization in equipment, language, procedures and the warning systems. National Hydro-meteorological Se rvices (NHMS) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR need to build resilience in Turkey and reducing its vulnerability to natural disasters (Prevention, preparedness, and response, 2017). The country has learned some valuable lessons regarding floods and protecting the human life. For example, the flood control and management requires restructuring of present legal systems and provide practical solutions based on flood information programs and modifications in building codes (Gurer, I and Ozguler, 2017). DHI Turkey signed a contract with DSI or the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works for a flood early warning system in Turkey. This state-of-the-art warning system reduces the impacts of flood events and mitigates loss and damage to life and properties (A New Integrated Flood Early Warning, 2016). The forecasting system can predict extreme weather conditions, snowmelt process and seasonal precipitation to, estimate flood inundation and identifies the map risk areas. This will help the country to take precautions and roll out disaster measures more efficiently and in time. Response and recovery to floods in Turkey and essential lessons learned The deadly floods in Turkey cause massive flooding. One of the reasons found is damaged natural irrigation channels and unplanned developments that block the rainwater. The local municipalities and the government need to expand forests and water absorbing green areas under the climate adaptation plan, and ecological flood prevention techniques right away (Turkey floods highlight, 2009) Majority of the country is prone to earthquakes and floods. Earthquake Codes get updated, and Urban Renewal Laws get enforced on a regular basis. Presidency of Disaster and Emergency Management (AFAD), under Turkish Prime Ministry, handles emergency management regulations (Emergency Management against the Natural Disasters of Turkey, 2012). Disaster Management is a challenge for the countries like Turkey. The main role of FAD is to assess the preparedness of an effective emergency management and build coordination among all governmental institutions in case of a disaster like floods (Sahin, 2013). For example, it established Central Disaster Management for an effective coordination during the risk management with a Proactive approach. Historical data related to floods, climate, and vulnerability analysis can help devise plans to lower the risks. Flood risk assessment and analysis can help build flood risk management plan. Large-scale rehabilitation works are planned by the ministry of forestry and water affairs (Sahin, 2013). Metropolitan municipalities and local authorities are responsible for their area, but obstacles such as encroached development exist. Mitigating Flood Risk in Flooded Areas, 2006, in the GAP Region is a good example of how the project, through local institutional capacity and non-governmental organizations was able to mitigate economic and social damages caused by floods (Sahin, 2013). National Disaster Response Plan involves all stakeholders at local, national and international levels. Turkish Red Crescent and related Ministries carry the responsibilities ( Sahin, 2013). Essential lessons were learned regarding the need of nutrition, education, shelter and health of the citizen impacted by the disaster and emergency situations. Preparedness to disasters covered the Offices, schools, families and youth through educational workshops. The Governor is accountable for the administration of disaster prevention and response plans. (Sahin, 2013). Effective solutions based on land-use control and building ordinance are essential. Local communities should play an active role in flood information programs. The inefficient infrastructure needs to improve, and uncontrolled urbanization has to go. There is a need to modernize the existing disaster management system. The state and local organizations should cooperate and have their own budgets to deal with the floods (Gurer and Ozguler, 2017). References Ak?nc?, H., Erdo?an, S. (2014). Designing a flood forecasting and inundation-mapping system integrated with spatial data infrastructures for turkey. Natural Hazards, 71(1), 895-911. doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0939-9 A New Integrated Flood Early Warning System In Turkey To Be Developed By DHI. (2016). Dhigroup Retrieved from https://www.dhigroup.com/global/news/2016/07/a-new-integrated- flood-early-warning-system-in-turkey-to-be-developed-by-dhi Bueyuekyildiz, M., Marti, A. I., Yilmaz, V. (2009). Global climate change with its reflections on turkey. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference : SGEM : Surveying Geology Mining Ecology Management, 2, 533-533. Davies, R. (2016). Turkey Deadly Floods in Ordu Province, flood list Retrieved from https://floodlist.com/asia/turkey-deadly-floods-ordu-province-july-2016 Davies, R. (2016). 2 Dead After Floods and Landslides in Trabzon and Giresun Provinces. Retrieved from https://floodlist.com/asia/turkey-2-dead-floods-landslides-trabzon-giresun- provinces Deniz, A., zdemir, E. T., Sezen, ?., Co?kun, M. (2013). Investigations of storms in the region of marmara in turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 112(1), 61-71. doi:10.1007/s00704-012-0715-x Dominic, J. A., Aris, A. Z., Sulaiman, W. N. A. (2015). Factors controlling the suspended sediment yield during rainfall events of dry and wet weather conditions in A tropical urban catchment. Water Resources Management, 29(12), 4519-4538. doi:10.1007/s11269-015-1073- 0 Demirkesen, A. C., Evrendilek, F., Berberoglu, S., Kilic, S. (2007). Coastal flood risk analysis using landsat-7 ETM+ imagery and SRTM DEM: A case study of izmir, turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 131(1), 293-300. doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9476-2 Emergency Management against the Natural Disasters of Turkey: Mitigation, Response and Recovery Issues. (2012). JSCE-Turkey Retrieved from https://jsce100.com/international_conf/pdf/rtm09.pdf Ercment Beyhun, N., Altinta, K. m. H., Noji, E. c. (2005). Analysis of registered floods in turkey. International Journal of Disaster Medicine, 3(1-4), 50-54. doi:10.1080/15031430500368485 Fujihara, Y., Simonovic, S. P., Topalo?lu, F., Tanaka, K., Watanabe, T. (2008). An inverse- modelling approach to assess the impacts of climate change in the seyhan river basin, turkey / une approche de modlisation inverse pour valuer les impacts du changement climatique dans le bassin versant de la rivire seyhan, turquie. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 53(6), 1121- 1136. doi:10.1623/hysj.53.6.1121 Gurer, I and Ozguler, H. (2017). Turkey: Recent Flood Disasters in Northwestern Black Sea Region. WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management, 1(1), 14. Heavy snowfall, rainfall, floods paralyze daily life across Turkey. (2016). Daily sabah Retrieved from https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2016/12/29/heavy-snowfall-rainfall-floods-paralyze- daily-life-across-turkey Kara, F., Yucel, I. (2015). Climate change effects on extreme flows of water supply area in istanbul: Utility of regional climate models and downscaling method. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(9), 1-18. doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4808-8 KomuAcu, A. U., Celik, S. (2013). Analysis of the marmara flood in turkey, 7--10 september 2009: An assessment from hydrometeorological perspective. Natural Hazards, 66(2), 781. doi:10.1007/s11069-012-0521-x Knuth, D., Kehl, D., Hulse, L., Schmidt, S. (2014). Risk perception, experience, and objective risk: A Cross?National study with European emergency survivors. Risk Analysis, 34(7), 1286- 1298. doi:10.1111/risa.12157 Markantonis, V., Meyer, V., Lienhoop, N. (2013). Evaluation of the environmental impacts of extreme floods in the evros river basin using contingent valuation method. Natural Hazards, 69(3), 1535-1549. doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0762-3 Papaioannou, G., Vasiliades, L., Loukas, A. (2015;2014;). Multi-criteria analysis framework for potential flood prone areas mapping. Water Resources Management, 29(2), 399-418. doi:10.1007/s11269-014-0817-6 Prevention, preparedness and response to floods in the Western Balkans and Turkey. (2017), ec.europa Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood- enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/financial_assistance/ipa/2014/multi-country/ipa_ii_2014-37- 853_floods-prevention-preparedness.pdf Sahin, D. (2013). Flood Risk Management in Turkey. AFAD Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/imgs/news/image/853-p-afad.pdf Soylu, E. N. (2015). Flood pulse influence on phytoplankton community of the aksu stream, giresun, turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 36(1), 185. Snow, storms hit Turkey, at least 2 killed in floods. (2016). Hurriyet daily news Retrieved from https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/snow-storms-hit-turkey-at-least-2-killed-in- floods.aspx?PageID=238NID=107887NewsCatID=341 Torrential rain floods Turkey's coastal city of Mersin. (2016). Yeni safak Retrieved from https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/torrential-rain-floods-turkeys-coastal-city-of-mersin- 2588547 Tuncok, I. K. (2015;2014;). Transboundary river basin flood forecasting and early warning system experience in maritza river basin between bulgaria and turkey. Natural Hazards, 75(1), 191-214. doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1315-0 Tayan, M., ?m, U., Do?ruel, M., Karaca, M. (2009). Climate change in turkey for the last half century. Climatic Change, 94(3), 483-502. doi:10.1007/s10584-008-9511-0 Turkey floods highlight need for climate change adaptation. (2009)., Mediterranean panda Retrieved from https://mediterranean.panda.org/?173801/Turkey-floods-highlight-need-for- climate-change-adaptation Yksek, ., Kankal, M., nc, O. (2013). Assessment of big floods in the eastern black sea basin of turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(1), 797-814. doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2592-2

The Problem Of Polythene Pollution Essay Example

The Problem Of Polythene Pollution Paper The Problem Of Polythene Pollution Polythene pollution is everywhere, and the problem is getting worse. For most of us, the problem is seen as one of visual pollution, where plastic bags litter streets, roadways, and in some cases scenic areas across the country. No one will argue that polythene is useful. The plastic bags we use to carry home food or products are for the most part very light and very strong. Using these bags is not really the problem. The problem, leading to polythene pollution, is the improper methods of disposing of the bags. Theyve been marketed as throw-away items, and that is all too often what we do, except they dont always end up in the garbage. Save A Tree Polythene wasnt introduced as a bad thing. It wasnt all that many years ago that we started using plastic bags to save a tree. We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem Of Polythene Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem Of Polythene Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem Of Polythene Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By using paper bags for groceries, it mimed like we were cutting down trees, using the wood or pulp products on a one time basis, and then throwing the product away. The message was, we were on the verge of making a renewable resource, trees, a non-renewable one. I Weve come to realize a couple of things. Because of our forest management practices we can still afford to use paper bags, though we shouldnt be using them indiscriminately. This by the way isnt true in all countries. In some places on this earth, trees to produce pulp are scare. The real value in using paper instead of plastic however is that the former is biodegradable, while polythene is not, unless you want to wait around a few thousand years. Small Steps There are small steps being taken. We still use a vast number of plastic bags, and in spite of anti-littering campaigns, and our best intentions, too many of them find their way into places they really dont belong. Many retailers are encouraging shoppers to bring their own bags, usually canvas bags, which will last many years and dont tend to be discarded. Some stores even sell these bags, usually.

NDP

NDP Current Events "Ujjal bags free ads"ÂÆ'‚‚  - Vancouver Province 02/18/01, A6 ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ This article talks about the NDP's decision to put a hold on the hunting of grizzly bears in B.C. and possible reasons and consequences for the recent agreement. Reporter Michael Smyth states the possible motives behind Premier Dosanhj's agreement to stop the hunt and how it comes into effect with the NDP's future. Smyth suggests that the agreement is nothing more than free advertisement for the Premier, who is in need of major damage control for his party, in a hope to increase there vote count among environmentalists and citizens for a possible future election. He also suggests the NDP was involved in the creation of a billboard that thanks the Premier since it was created by the same company, Strategic Communications Inc., that was part of last year's leadership campaign. Thi s made Liberal critic Richard Neufeld wondered if it was an NDP attempt for more votes.After the agreement was made the Liberal party stated if they were elected they would immediately restore grizzly-bear hunting in B.C. Environmental and animal-rights groups have then stated that would fight to uphold the agreement and convince the Liberal party to do so. The article then proceeds to give examples of the overwhelming power of persuasion of environmental groups where they forced Ontario's Premier to ban the spring black bear hunt in Ontario.

Explore Neptune’s Frigid Moon Triton

Explore Neptune’s Frigid Moon Triton When the Voyager 2 spacecraft swept past the planet Neptune in 1989, no one was quite sure what to expect of its largest moon, Triton. Seen from Earth, its just a tiny point of light visible through a strong telescope. However, up-close, it showed off a water-ice surface split by geysers that shoot nitrogen gas up into the thin, frigid atmosphere. It not only was weird, the icy surface sported terrains never before seen. Thanks to Voyager 2 and its mission of exploration, Triton showed us just how strange a distant world can be. Triton: The Geologically Active Moon There arent too many active moons in the solar system. Enceladus at Saturn is one (and has been studied extensively by the Cassini mission), as is Jupiters tiny volcanic moon Io. Each of these has a form of volcanism; Enceladus has ice geysers and volcanoes while Io spouts out molten sulfur. Triton, not to be left out, is geologically active, too. Its activity is cryovolcanism - producing the kind of volcanoes that spew ice crystals instead of molten lava rock. Tritons cryovolcanoes spew material out from beneath the surface, which implies some heating from within this moon. Tritons geysers are located close to whats called the subsolar point, the region of the moon directly receiving the most sunlight. Given that its very cold out at Neptune, sunlight isnt nearly as strong as it is at Earth, so something in the ices is very sensitive to sunlight, and that weakens the surface. Pressure from material below pushes out cracks and vents in the thin shell of ice that covers Triton. That lets the nitrogen gas and plumes of dust blast out and into the atmosphere. These geysers can erupt for fairly long periods of time - up to a year in some cases. Their eruption plumes lay down streaks of dark material across the pale pinkish ice. Creating a Cantaloupe Terrain World The ice depots on Triton are mainly water, with patches of frozen nitrogen and methane. At least, thats what the southern half of this moon shows. Thats all Voyager 2 could image as it went by; the northern part was in shadow. Nonetheless, planetary scientists suspect that the northern pole looks similar to the southern region. Icy lava has been deposited across the landscape, forming pits, plains, and ridges. The surface also has some of the weirdest landforms ever seen in the form of cantaloupe terrain. Its called that because the fissures and ridges look like the skin of a cantaloupe. Its probably the oldest of Tritons icy surface units and is made up of dusty water ice. The region probably formed when material under the icy crust rose up and then sank back down again, which unsettled the surface. Its also possible that ice floods could have caused this weird crusty surface. Without followup images, its hard to get a good feel for possible causes of the cantaloupe terrain. How Did Astronomers Find Triton? Triton is not a recent  discovery in the annals of solar system exploration. It was actually found in 1846 by astronomer William Lassell. He was studying Neptune just after its discovery, looking for any possible moons in orbit around this distant planet. Because Neptune is named after the Roman god of the sea (who was the Greek Poseidon), it seemed appropriate to name its moon after another Greek sea god whose was fathered by Poseidon. It didnt take long for astronomers to figure out that Triton was weird in at least one way: its orbit. It circles Neptune in retrograde - that is, opposite to Neptunes rotation. For that reason, its very likely that Triton didnt form when Neptune did. In fact, it probably had nothing to do with Neptune but was captured by the planets strong gravity as it passed by. No one is quite sure where Triton originally formed, but its quite likely it was born as part of the Kuiper Belt of icy objects. It stretches outwards from the orbit of Neptune. The Kuiper Belt is also the home of frigid Pluto, as well as a selection of dwarf planets. Tritons fate is not to orbit Neptune forever. In a few billion years, it will wander too close to Neptune, within a region called the Roche limit. Thats the distance where a moon will start to break up due to gravitational influence. Exploration After Voyager 2 No other spacecraft has studied Neptune and Triton up close. However, after the Voyager 2 mission, planetary scientists have used Earth-based telescopes to measure Tritons atmosphere by watching as distant stars slipped behind it. Their light could then be studied for telltale signs of gases in Tritons thin blanket of air. Planetary scientists would like to explore Neptune and Triton further, but no missions have been selected to do so, yet. So, this pair of distant worlds will remain unexplored for the time being, until someone comes up with a lander that could settle down among the cantaloupe hills of Triton and send back more information.

Evaluate if Youngs is a good investment. In this answer you need to Essay

Evaluate if Youngs is a good investment. In this answer you need to consider any qualitative factors that might affect your recommendation - Essay Example The competitive advantage will make the company to reward its shareholders very well for decades thus making it a good investment. The good reputation has provided the company with a real opportunity to expand in the future hence a good investment. Such conditions make Youngs to have higher future financial performance hence being able to provide the highest financial rewards to the investors or shareholders. Secondly, Youngs has an increasing profitability and liquidity. The current ratio of Youngs shows an upward trend and the trend is likely to continue into the future, this indicates an increase in its ability to meet short-term obligations. On the other hand, its profitability ratios show an upward trend. The net profit ratio of the company increased in 2014 sop is return on assets. This implies an increase in the company’s efficiency. The company is therefore very profitable nd the trend is likely to continue into the unforeseeable future. Even though the company has an increasing use of debts, it has sufficient liquidity to meet its interest payments. Its cash flow in terms of interest payment is, therefore, limited hence the company is able to keep such costs to a minimum. The lower interest payments leave more cash at the disposal of the company which they can use as financial rewards to the investors in terms of dividends. In addition, the surplus cash can be reinvested into the company to generate or create value for the shareholders of the company. In either way, the investors stand to benefit. Thirdly, the company has a very simple business model. It sells high quality ladies and gents clothing. It is therefore very easy to monitor the performance of the stock of the company. The ever increasing demand for designer and fashionable clothing acts as a driver for future growth and this makes the company to be a good investment because it has a bright future in the fashion

Porter s 5 forces analysis and a life cycle analysis - why is the Assignment

Porter s 5 forces analysis and a life cycle analysis - why is the Australian Car Manufacturing Industry closing down - Assignment Example Although global and local economic conditions have played a major part in the death of the manufacturing industry, blame has also been placed on the many parties and factors involved. By studying the current state of the industry and using porter’s five forces analysis, we can better discern as to what the main drivers were that caused the ultimate death of the Australian automotive manufacturing industry. The Australian car manufacturing industry has become far too small to be sustainable for any particular manufacturer. Australia’s three car manufacturers Holden, Ford and GM all announced they would shut down their local manufacturing operations within nine months of each other. With the local economy facing harsh times it seems that with current size of the market and increased competition from imports has simply gotten too small to be profitable. As a matter of fact, the size of the market had gotten so small that all three companies began to rely on each other just to survive and stay afloat. It has been a long time coming, the death of the Australian auto manufacturing industry. Although, there have been many interrelated reasons that have caused the slow demise of the industry many individuals put the most of the blame on the federal government. It has been blamed for much of the troubles that have negatively affected local manufacturers from their low import tariffs. Many of the federal government initiatives such as their Free Trade Agreements with China and India, low import tariffs, and the controversial automotive financial bailouts have created an industry that cannot sustain itself. Others place the blame to the car manufacturer themselves that used the Australian government like their own piggybank to bail them out financially. Additionally, the federal government and their economic policy itself have created a nation with relatively high wages, strong currency coupled with the extremely low

Pharmacy School Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Pharmacy School Personal Statement Essay As one of the aspiring pharmacists in the country, my personal and career goal is to be in line with the top-rated practitioners in pharmacy. Hence, it has always been my dream to serve the public, most specially those who are sick and in need of appropriate pharmaceutical assistance. I am aware of the fact that this career demands more of my time because serving these people matters the most. As such, I can say that the work environment in this occupation would never be easy. Moreover, as a postulant in this line of work, I hold on to my oath by rendering quality services for those people who require pharmaceutical aid. As one of the aspiring professionals in pharmacy, I am well guided by my mission and desire to render my quality service for the patients and for this profession. Likewise, assisting people with their pharmaceutical requirements in the most effectual way is one of the most efficient sources of motivation in performance of my duties and responsibilities as medical personnel. Certainly, witnessing people and patients receive the ample service they deserve serves as my primary source of inspiration to move forward and feel optimistic in this field. Ever since I was young, my dream of being a pharmacist in the future is clearly evident as I usually envision of this dream every time my mother gave me medicine to take when I am sick and eventually I would feel a lot better after being administered with the correct type and dosage. Since then, the question of how such specific medicine could work in the human body to cure diseases and other health problems had guided me to find out more about pharmacy. In addition to this, I just attended a program in University of Texas at Arlington and received quality training that would definitely be helpful for me. Apart from this, my enthusiasm in pharmacy is already evident during my younger days as I have broad interest in science. As such, I have been through different formal courses about science in order to improve my medical capabilities and broaden my knowledge, skills, and abilities, which could definitely help me in the achievement of my goal in the field of pharmacy. Particularly, I would state that I am ready to undergo the rigorous training under the doctoral degree program in pharmacy in consideration of my work ethics and actual hours of rendering pharmaceutical services. Thus, I acquired useful and relevant experiences in pharmacy through my former training where I worked as a pharmacy technician. Thus, through these experiences I learned how to work closely with my colleague in achieving a unified goal in pharmacy. Nonetheless, this actual work had taught me how to get along with the patients that I consider a key factor to achieve success in the work place. As I undergo a series of actual pharmaceutical practices, it is perceived that these practical experiences have taught me meaningful insights for this specific line of work. Apart from being well-equipped with formal academic knowledge in pharmacy, being into various actual pharmaceutical practices has helped me well in improving and developing my sense of responsibility and enthusiasm as a pharmacist. Hence, this opportunity to work as a pharmacy technician had given me the chance to experienced valuable actual practices that would be advantageous for me when the time comes that I apply for doctoral degree program in pharmacy. In addition to this, getting involved in various civic activities that has the goal of helping other people enables me to combine work, passion, and volunteerism. Nonetheless, I am given the sense of pride and worth through these activities. In the end, in able to achieve this specific goal of mine, I accept the fact that I have to undergone formal doctoral pharmacy degree. Certainly, I truly believe that through this higher level of learning, I would be able to acquire necessary knowledge that could help me in improving and developing positive characteristics in order to become an outstanding and well-rounded pharmacist. Nonetheless, I hereby submit myself to receive the needed degree in pharmacy in aid of my pursuance to my career and personal goal.

Death and Suicide - The Death of a Friend Essay -- Personal Narrative

The Death of a Friend I hid my face as I sat desperately alone in the back of the crowded church and stared through blurry eyes at the stained glass windows. Tears of fear and anguish soaked my red cheeks. Attempting to listen to the hollow words spoken with heartfelt emotion, I glanced at his picture, and my eyes became fixed on his beloved dog. Sudden flashes of sacred memories overcame me. Memories of soccer, his unforgettable smile, and our frequent exchange of playful insults, set my mind spinning. I longed only to hear his delighted voice once more. I sat for what seemed like hours in that lonely yet overcrowded church; my tears still flowed, and I still remembered. October 2, 2001 started like a normal Tuesday morning at Hotchkiss High School. As I lazily wandered past Mr. Schelle into his advisory class, I noticed that he seemed quite upset about something. I dared not ask what had happened, for it was really none of my business. Soon after the bell rang, Mr. Schelle, whose eyes were welling up with tears, struggled to compose himself enough to say, "Guys, I've got some bad news for you." I sensed a bit of hesitation as he proceeded to read a letter as clearly as possible. The letter explained that Derek Grillos, a sophomore at our school and a good friend of mine, had died the night before. At first, my mind failed to register his name. I sat wondering who Derek Grillos was. As everyone questioned Mr. Schelle to find out who Derek was, I sat quiet. Finally, the fact that Derek, my "soccer buddy", had died hit me and hit me hard. I could feel my eyes darting back and forth in confusion and my heart pounding so hard I could feel it in my toes. I stared aimlessly at everything yet nothing. I su... ...te anxiety. Only good memories came from there, memories of me and Derek. I opened my eyes, and my thoughts were shattered by sobbing people and brilliantly colored flowers. My face burned, while my body shivered. As I returned to reality, I realized the pastor had asked for anyone who wanted to share memories of Derek to do so. Listening to the memories being shared, I shyly hopped to my feet. I quickly made my speech about what Derek meant to me and sank back into my seat. After the funeral service ended, I made my way to my car and drove home in complete silence. Even after everything that has happened, the kids' comments both good and bad, the funeral, and the loneliness, my admirable thoughts of Derek still remain. All I have left of him are all the cherished memories that remain in my heart. Even now, my tears still flow and I still remember. Â  

Rationality of the research

  Tourism is one of the largest industries in UK, apart from generating employment both directly and indirectly to large number of people; it is also a source of foreign exchanges for UK government.The net worth of  Ã‚   tourism is approximately  £63.83 billion and it employs more than 1.5 million people about 7 percent of all employment in restaurants, travel agencies museums, and pubs.Apart from being one the largest, tourism has also become number one online segment. The number of travelers who use the   internet for travel-related purposes have continued to increase daily. Latest data from Internet World Stats reveal that world’s internet users have reached approximately 1.17 billions with UK ranks 7th in the world with approximately 37.6 millions internet users.2Therefore, with the increase in the numbers of travelers that book online, tourism has continued to experience booming in sales.People now book rooms, buy tickets and make hotel reservation online. Recent announcement from British Hospitality Association revealed that the UK Economy benefited from tourism in 2004 to the tune of  £81.5 billion.Thus web presence has now become an essential factor in the growth of tourism industry, therefore the use of website to search for necessary information has been on the increased tremendously. Nevertheless, the design of website is a key issue for the tourisms organization and it has become an indispensable tool in making revenue for many organizations.The information gathered from 2005 Market Report revealed the number of people engaging in electronic commerce in UK is increasing yearly.4

Child Labour Essay

Institute of Communication Studies Punjab University, Lahore Content 1: Introduction 2: Strategies/Plans 3: What can you Do? 4: Target Audience 5: Communication Mode 6: Conclusion 7: Bibliography Introduction Definition of child labour The Article 1 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as anyone below the age of 18.â€Å"Child labour† is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful tophysical and mental development. It refers to work that: * interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the * opportunity to attend school, obliging them to leave school * prematurely or requiring them to attempt to combine * school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. Forms of child labour Child labour exists in many forms. Sometimes it can be easily observed; sometimes it is hidden from your view. Here is a list of different forms of child labour that includes some of the most widespread forms and some of the worst forms. However, this is not a complete list of all existing forms. Domestic work: Very common and sometimes seen as acceptable, it happens in the family home or outside the home. When domestic work is outside the home, children – almost always girls – work very long hours, have no chance to go to school and are isolated from their family and friends. Agricultural work: A lot of working children are found in agriculture. They often work on the family farm or with the whole family, as a unit, for an employer. Work in industries:   This work can be regular or casual, legal or illegal, as part of the family or by the child on his own for an employer. It includes carpet weaving, gemstone polishing, making garments, chemicals, glassware, fireworks, matches or a range of other products. These tasks expose the children to hazardous chemicals that can lead to poisoning, respiratory and skin diseases, radiant heat, fire and explosions, eyesight and hearing damage cuts, burns and even death. Work in mines and quarries: Child labour is used in small scale mines in many countries. They work long hours without adequate protection and training. Child miners suffer from physical strain, fatigue and disorders of the muscular and skeletal systems. Slavery and forced labour: It is most commonly found in rural areas. It is also frequently linked to the oppression of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples. Children are often also drawn into armed conflict, forced to be soldiers or to work for armed forces. Prostitution and child trafficking: It is one of the worst forms of child labour. The dangers faced by children are extreme and range from moral corruption to sexually transmitted diseases to death. Work in the informal economy: This includes a whole range of activities such as shoe cleaning, begging, pulling rickshaws, selling newspapers, or collecting rubbish. Some forms are very easily observed while others are hidden from public view. Activities often take place on the streets but also include domestic work. Strategies Participate in the World Day Against Child Labour In 2002, the International Labour Organization (ILO) launched the first World Day Against Child Labour, as a way to highlight the worldwide movement to eliminate child labour. The World Day Against Child Labour is celebrated every year, on 12th June. It provides an opportunity to gain the support of governments, employers and workers’ organisations, civil society and others for the campaign against child labour. 2008 activities will focus and raise awareness on â€Å"Education: The Right Response to Child Labour†. The role of education is highlighted because access to free and compulsory education for poor children is crucial to reducing child labour. The most recent ILO Global Report noted that the establishment of universal schooling to the age of 14 or 15 has signaled the effective end of child labour in a number of countries. Contribute to the 12to12 Portal The 12to12 Community Portal is a networking platform for various groups working against child labour (workers, employers, youth, NGOs, schools, medias†¦). The portal derives its name from June 12th, the World Day Against Child Labour. It aims to create a worldwide network of partners mobilized against child labour and to bring attention to the issue of child labour from June 12th to June 12th, until child labourers are finally given the chance to enjoy their rights as children and one day realize their full potential as the adults that they will become. Get involved in the Decent Work agenda The elimination of child labour is an important aspect of Decent Work. Child labour not only prevents children from acquiring the skills and education they need for a better future, it also perpetuates poverty and affects national economies. Withdrawing children from child labour, providing them with education and assisting their families with training and employment opportunities contribute directly to creating decent work for adults. Decent Work, Decent Life Campaign The Decent Work Alliance, which consists of the the ITUC, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), Solidar, the Global Progressive Forum and Social Alert Intertnational, launched the campaign in January 2007 at the World Social Forum. The campaign aims to place Decent Work at the core of development, economic, trade, financial and social policies at the national, regional and international level. A specific Decent Work, Decent Life Campaign for Women was launched, on 8th March 2008, for the 100th anniversary of the International Women’s Day. Spread the message and build partnerships Trade unions are well placed to influence the attitude of workers families, children and their parents. Raise awareness among your members and among adult workers through publicity, posters, campaigns, workshops or educational events. Develop child labour modules in your programmes, organise seminars or conference on child labour or use the mass media. You can also join forces and work with others, such as employers’ organisations, consumers’ organisations, NGOs, child labourers’ families, teachers and social workers. Monitor the development of child labour Trade unions are well placed to undertake information-gathering and to develop appropriate policies and effective plans to take actions against child labour. Trade unions need to gather detailed information. Collecting  local and national data will help to identify where the worst forms of child labour are to be found and will aid in the evaluation of programmes to combat these forms of child labour. You can for example: * Collect stories, pictures and other evidence of children engaged in labour. * Assess the working environment in which children are working. * Record where child labour is being used. * Organize or take part in surveys. Use the supervisory machinery of international institutions If your country has ratified the ILO conventions, your trade union can use the supervisory mechanisms to pressure your government to take adequate and effective measures: * Get the copies of reports submitted by your government to the ILO and feel free to send comments on them to the ILO. * If you think the law and/or practice does not conform to a convention adopted in your country, consider reporting to the ILO and discuss this with the national and/or international organization to which you are affiliated. Participate in tripartite dialogue Tripartite dialogue is central to social stability and to sustainable growth and development. Use the tripartite dialogue between trade unions, government and employers to improve the legislation and its enforcement, and to define policies and programmes to combat the worst forms of child labour and to monitor their implementation. Collective bargaining to combat child labour Collective bargaining is traditional trade union tool and a way for trade unions to interact with employers. It has served the trade union movement well in improving wages and working conditions, and it has proven to be effective in influencing what occurs in the workplace. Promote the international labour standards As explained earlier in this guide, where the international labour standards are respected, children are far more likely to be in school than at work. Promoting the universal respect of international labour standards is then another way to help tackle child labour not only in your country but also in other countries. Pressure your government for an ILO Convention on Domestic Workers Domestic work is one of the most common forms of child labour. The Governing Body of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) decided in March 2008 to include the item â€Å"Decent Work for Domestic Workers† on the agenda of the 99th session (2010) of the International Labour Conference. If your country is represented at the ILO Governing Body, then with your national center, urge your government to support the proposal to draw up an international convention specifically designed to protect domestic workers. e-Campaigning Internet and new technologies are fast, easy and affordable ways to promote your actions as well as to broadcast your message to a wider audience. There are hundreds of ways to get your message known; the only requirements are to be creative and to reach people where they are online. If you have a camera, record videos of your actions and/or a documentary about child labour, put them on Youtube or similar websites. What can you do? Participate in the World Day for Decent Work On October 7 2008, the trade union movement is organizing a World Day for Decent Work (WDDW). This is an unparalleled opportunity for trade unions and  organizations interested in Decent Work all around the world to join a broad global mobilization involving a large number of people and a wide range of activities. There are three themes that you can connect your activities to on the World Day itself: * rights at work * solidarity * ending poverty and inequality Each of these themes can easily be linked with child labour and should fit into your existing child labour activities. Target Audience Help others to eradicate child labour Child labour may not be a big problem in your own country, but there is always the option of helping some other countries. Help your friends in India or in Democratic Republic of Congo or somewhere else to fight against child labour! Direct support to children When it is possible, trade unions and others can provide direct assistance to working children and their parents to help: * remove children from work; * rehabilitate child-labourers and get them into school; and * develop apprenticeships for former child labourers| Demonstrate Demonstrations, when wisely used, are a very good trade union tool. * Organize a march against child labour and finish it outside a politically strategic building. * Use and display banners, flags and other materials in symbolic or strategic places. Your banners can include slogans, signatures, handprints or drawings. * Organize a child labour information stand in the main shopping street of your city or in other busy public places. Get in touch with your regional or national Global March coordinator The Global March Against Child Labour has a presence in more than 140 countries. Coordinating your efforts with the Global March Communication Channels | 11 | | | | | Communication Mode The main communication channels are: 1- television 2-radio 3-newspaper 4-interactive theatre Television Television is one of the most effective media of our times. Several studies have shown the impact of television on everyday lives of the viewers. Television has proved extremely effective as a channel for conveying development messages. ITA can make use of television in two ways. (a): By liaising with the producers of the television programmes that often comment on economic and social issues and by making efforts to convince them to put child domestic labour on their agenda. (b): By working with local cable operators to ensure that telecast video animation prepared for the project. b) Radio Popularity of radio varies in the urban, suburban and rural areas. After losing its glory in the urban areas of the country, it is staging a comeback in the form of FM stations. However, Radio is a popular medium of information and entertainment in the rural areas. Radio provides an effective and cost effective way to reach the target audiences. Some programmes of Radio Lahore are particularly popular with the target audiences. An effort will be made to use these programmes to convey the message. For this purpose the project staff will meet and keep in touch with the presenters of these programmes. The government has issued licenses for FM radio stations all over the country. The communication staff of the  project will keep a close watch on such a development in the area and will try to make the best use of a communication opportunity if it appears in the form of an FM radio in the country. c) Newspapers Newspaper is an effective source of communication in urban centres. It has different categories like magazine or periodical containing public news, reports of events, and commentaries. The Project team will hold forums, seminars and workshop with media personnel to highlight the issue of child domestic labour. The project team will coordinate with editors of newspapers for an effective media campaign in the form of features, articles and dissemination of information. d) Interactive Theatre Street drama has been a popular folk art in the subcontinent for centuries. Traditionally street theatres were used to dramatise mythical and folk romances. Lately, this medium has been modified to address social issues. A strong case can be made for street theatres as a medium of communicating information about sensitive issues. Plays can be adopted to be culturally appropriate and context sensitive. Theatre provides a public and non-intrusive forum for communication. In addition, theatre is an ideal medium to reach target groups and facilitate immediate feedback. Pre-play entertainment can be used to gather the crowd, followed by a street play. The performance is followed by an interactive session in which audience engage in a discussion about the change in the situation portrayed in the play. Advertisement/ Pamphlet *Public Notice* Concluding Remarks The literature on child labor is an illustration of abundance and anarchy. Theoretical writings on the subject are relatively few though one finds theoretical insights in many unexpected papers and books which may be otherwise purely empirical or descriptive. The empirical writings on child labor are numerous but they are usually not founded on any theory. By bringing together68 the main theoretical ideas, this survey hopes to encourage not just further theoretical research but empirical work which is analytically better founded. Also evident from this survey is the fact that there is no unique prescription. Should child labor be banned outright? Should the WTO be given the responsibility of enforcing restrictions on child labor through the use of trade sanctions? Should there be a legal minimum wage for adults so as to make it unnecessary for parents to send their children to work? The answer depends on the context. It was argued in this paper that there is much that can and ought to be done, but the precise policy to be followed depends on the economic milieu for which the prescription is being sought. The main policy divide is between legal interventions and what may be called collaborative interventions, that is, public action which alters the economic environment such that parents of their own accord prefer to withdraw the children from the labor force. The availability of good schools, the provision of free meals, effort to bolster adult wages, are examples of collaborative interventions. We have discussed examples and given arguments to show that such interventions are, in general, a desirable way of curbing child labor. However, many of these actions may not be feasible. There may not be money enough in the government’s coffers to run better schools or to improve the infrastructure which would result in higher adult wages. In such circumstances, should government resort to legal action to restrict child labor? There seems to be some agreement, that some minimal restrictions, such as children being prevented from working in hazardous occupations or under bonded labor conditions, are worth enforcing legally. It is true that one can always think of some circumstance where even such a minimal law will work to the detriment of the child. Bibliography Link1: http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Campaignandadvocacy/wdacl/lang–en/index.htm Link2: http://www.viewpointonline.net/the-solution.html Link3: http://www.goodweave.org/child_labor_campaign Link4: http://www.alliance2015.org/index.php?id=education Link6: http://stopchildlabor.org/?p=2528 Link7: http://www.globalmarch.org/

The 11 Natural Log Rules You Need to Know

The 11 Natural Log Rules You Need to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re taking a high school or college math class, you’ll likely cover natural logs.But what are natural logs? What is ln? Why does the letter e keep showing up? Natural logs may seem difficult, but once you understand a few key natural log rules, you’ll be able to easily solve even very complicated-looking problems.In this guide, we explain the four most important natural logarithm rules, discuss other natural log properties you should know, go over several examples of varying difficulty, and explain how natural logs differ from other logarithms. What Is ln? The natural log, or ln, is the inverse of e. The letter ‘e’ represents a mathematical constant also known as the natural exponent.Like π, e is a mathematical constant and has a set value. The value of e is equal to approximately 2.71828. e appears in many instances in mathematics, including scenarios about compound interest, growth equations, and decay equations.ln(x) is the time needed to grow to x, whileexis the amount of growth that has occurred after time x. Because e is used so commonly in math and economics, and people in these fields often need to take the logarithm with a base of e of a number to solve an equation or find a value, the natural log was created as a shortcut way to write and calculate log base e. The natural log simply lets people reading the problem know that you're taking the logarithm, with a base of e, of a number. So ln(x) = loge(x). As an example,ln(5) = loge(5) = 1.609. The 4 Key Natural Log Rules There are four main rules you need to know when working with natural logs, and you’ll see each of them again and again in your math problems. Know these well because they can be confusing the first time you see them, and you want to make sure you have basic rules like these down solid before moving on to more difficult logarithm topics. Product Rule ln(x)( y) = ln(x) + ln(y) The natural log of the multiplication of x and y is the sum of the ln of x and ln of y. Example: ln(8)(6) = ln(8) + ln(6) Quotient Rule ln(x/y) = ln(x) - ln(y) The natural log of the division of x and y is the difference of the ln of x and ln of y. Example: ln(7/4) = ln(7) - ln(4) Reciprocal Rule ln(1/x)=−ln(x) The natural log of the reciprocal of x is the opposite of the ln of x. Example: ln(⅓)= -ln(3) Power Rule ln(xy) = y * ln(x) The natural log of x raised to the power of y is y times the ln of x. Example: ln(52) = 2 * ln(5) Key Natural Log Properties In addition to the four natural logarithm rules discussed above, there are also several ln properties you need to know if you’re studying natural logs. Have these memorized so you can quickly move onto the next step of the problem without wasting time trying to remember common ln properties. Scenario ln Property ln of a Negative Number The ln of a negative number is undefined ln of 0 ln(0) is undefined ln of 1 ln(1)=0 ln of Infinity ln(∞)= ∞ ln of e ln(e)=1 ln of e raised to the x power ln(ex) = x e raised to the ln power eln(x)=x As you can see from the final three rows, ln(e)=1, and this is true even if one is raised to the power of the other. This is because the ln and eare inverse functions of each other. Natural Log Sample Problems Now it’s time to put your skills to the test and ensure you understand the ln rules by applying them to example problems. Below are three sample problems. Try to work them out on your own before reading through the explanation. Problem 1 Evaluate ln (72/5) First, we use the quotient rule to get: ln(72) - ln(5). Next, we use the power rule to get: 2ln(7) -ln(5). If you don’t have a calculator, you can leave the equation like this, or you can calculate the natural log values: 2(1.946) - 1.609 = 3.891 - 1.609 = 2.283. Problem 2 Evaluate ln(e) /7 For this problem, we need to remember than ln(e)=1 This means the problem simplifies to 1/7, which is our answer Problem 3 Solve ln (5x-6)=2 When you have multiple variables within the ln parentheses, you want to make e the base and everything else the exponent of e. Then you’ll get ln and e next to each other and, as we know from the natural log rules, eln(x)=x. So, the equation becomes eln(5x-6)=e2 Since eln(x)=x, eln(5x-6)= 5x-6 Therefore 5x-6= e2 Since e is a constant, you can then figure out the value of e2, either by using the e key on your calculator or using e’s estimated value of 2.718. 5x-6 =7.389 Now we’d add 6 to both sides 5x= 13.389 Finally, we’d divide both sides by 5. x= 2.678 How Are Natural Logs Different From Other Logarithms? As a reminder, a logarithm is the opposite of a power. If you take the log of a number, you’re undoing the exponent.The key difference between natural logs and other logarithms is the base being used. Logarithms typically use a base of 10 (although it can be a different value, which will be specified), while natural logs will always use a base of e. This means ln(x)=loge(x) If you need to convert between logarithms and natural logs, use the following two equations: log10(x)= ln(x) / ln(10) ln(x) = log10(x)/ log10(e) Other than the difference in the base (which is a big difference) the logarithm rules and the natural logarithm rules are the same: Logarithm Rules ln Rules log(xy)=log(x)+log(y) ln(xy)= ln(x)+ln(y) log(x/y)=log(x)−log(y) ln(x/y)=ln(x)−ln(y) log(xa)= alog(x) ln(xa)= aln(x) log(10x)= x ln(ex)= x 10log(x)= x eln(x)= x Summary: Natural Log Rules The natural log, or ln, is the inverse of e.The rules of natural logs may seem counterintuitive at first, but once you learn them they’re quite simple to remember and apply to practice problems. The four main ln rules are: ln(x)( y) = ln(x) + ln(y) ln(x/y) = ln(x) - ln(y) ln(1/x)=−ln(x) n(xy) = y*ln(x) The key difference between natural logs and other logarithms is the base being used. What's Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about?Our guide to research paper topicshas over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius?We've got you covered!Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit(or vice versa). Taking the SAT or ACT?Students often struggle most with the Math section of these tests, but check out our comprehensive guides to SAT Math and ACT Math for everything you need to know to ace these math questions.

Biography of Carl O. Sauer

Biography of Carl O. Sauer Carl Ortwin Sauer was born on December 24, 1889, in Warrenton, Missouri. His grandfather was a traveling minister, and his father taught at Central Wesleyan College, a German Methodist college that has since been closed. During his youth, Carl Sauers parents sent him to school in Germany, but he later returned to the United States to attend Central Wesleyan College. He graduated in 1908, shortly before his nineteenth birthday. From there, Carl Sauer began attending Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. While at Northwestern, Sauer studied geology and developed an interest in the past. Sauer then shifted to the broader subject of geography. Within this discipline, he was primarily interested in the physical landscape, human cultural activities, and the past. He then transferred to the University of Chicago where he studied under Rollin D. Salisbury, among others, and earned his Ph.D. in geography in 1915. His dissertation focused on the Ozark Highlands in Missouri and included information ranging from the areas people to its landscape. Carl Sauer at the University of Michigan Following his graduation from the University of Chicago, Carl Sauer began teaching geography at the University of Michigan where he remained until 1923. In his early days at the university, he studied and taught environmental determinism, an aspect of geography that said the physical environment was solely responsible for the development of various cultures and societies. This was the popularly held viewpoint in geography at the time, and Sauer learned about it extensively at the University of Chicago. After studying the destruction of pine forests on Michigans Lower Peninsula while teaching at the University of Michigan though, Sauers opinions on environmental determinism changed, and he became convinced that humans control nature and develop their cultures out of that control, not the other way around. He then became a fierce critic of environmental determinism and carried these ideas throughout his career. During his graduate studies in geology and geography, Sauer also learned the importance of field observation. He then made this an important aspect of his teaching at the University of Michigan and during his later years there, he did field mapping of the physical landscape and land uses in Michigan and surrounding areas. He also published extensively on the area’s soils, vegetation, land use, and the quality of the land. The University of California, Berkeley Throughout the early 1900s, geography in the United States was mainly studied on the East Coast and Mid-west. In 1923, however, Carl Sauer left the University of Michigan when he accepted a position at the University of California, Berkeley. There, he served as the department chair and advanced his ideas of what geography should be. It was also here that he became famous for developing the Berkeley School of geographic thought which focused on regional geography organized around culture, landscapes, and history. This area of study was important for Sauer because it further enhanced his opposition to environmental determinism in that it placed an emphasis on how humans interact with and change their physical environment. Also, he brought up the importance of history when studying geography and he aligned U.C. Berkeleys geography department with its history and anthropology departments. In addition to the Berkeley School, Sauers most famous work to come out of his time at U.C. Berkeley was his paper, The Morphology of Landscape in 1925. Like much of his other work, it challenged environmental determinism and made clear his stance that geography should be the study of how present landscapes were shaped over time by people and natural processes. Also in the 1920s, Sauer began applying his ideas to Mexico, and this began his lifelong interest in Latin America. He also published Ibero-Americana with several other academics. During much of the rest of his life, he studied the area and its culture and published widely on the Native Americans in Latin America, their culture, and their historical geography. In the 1930s, Sauer worked on the National Land Use Committee and began studying the relationships between climate, soil, and slope with one of his graduate students, Charles Warren Thornthwaite, to detect soil erosion for the Soil Erosion Service. Soon after though, Sauer became critical of the government and its failure to create sustainable agriculture and economic reform and in 1938, he wrote a series of essays focused on environmental and economic issues. Additionally, Sauer also became interested in biogeography in the 1930s and wrote articles focusing plant and animal domestication. Finally, Sauer organized the international conference, Mans Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, at Princeton, New Jersey in 1955 and contributed to a book of the same title. In it, he explained the ways humans have impacted the Earths landscape, organisms, water, and atmosphere. Carl Sauer retired shortly after that in 1957. Post-U.C. Berkeley After his retirement, Sauer continued his writing and research and wrote four novels focused on early European contact with North America. Sauer died in Berkeley, California on July 18, 1975, at the age of 85. Carl Sauers Legacy During his 30 years at U.C. Berkeley, Carl Sauer oversaw the work of many graduate students who became leaders in the field and worked to spread his ideas throughout the discipline. More importantly, Sauer was able to make geography prominent on the West Coast and initiate new ways of studying it. The Berkeley Schools approach differed significantly from the traditional physical and spatially oriented approaches, and though it is not actively studied today, it provided the foundation for cultural geography, cementing Sauers name in geographic history.

Capacity to contract is a concept meant to protect those who are Essay

Capacity to contract is a concept meant to protect those who are disadvantaged in the society Explain - Essay Example Simply stated, a contract may be valid when made by parties recognized by law to be of legal personality be they natural or artificial persons. When the law forbids or limits a party from performing certain activities, any contractual relationships entered into by them to do so become either void or voidable on the basis of incapacity. In some cases, this incapacity is referred to as incompetence. In some cases however, certain classes of persons are only able to engage in contract only to limited extents as noted by Gaylord and LeRoy (2003). Some persons that are considered in these classes include minors, alien enemies, people who are mentally unsound or insane, bankrupts, drunkards, companies, receivers of companies, and partnerships among others according to the United Kingdom’s law. Such incompetence or incapacity in some cases may be regarded in terms of absence of good faith on the other party’s side. What this means is that all sober and sane adults can contract although their actions are controlled to protect other persons from being subject to exploitations. The intention of this measure is to protect those persons who may not be able to make decisions that are to their best interest according to Barnett (1986) and Barnett (2003). The requirement for capacity however can be challenged in exceptional cases such as when the contact with a person who is not of legal capacity regards necessities of life which include shelter, clothing and food. The argument in this case is that certain goods or services are required for human survival and even those who are incompetent need them. In other cases an incompetent party may enter into a contract with a competent party out of social need (Austen-Baker, 2002) as in the case where a teenager purchases from a business person a tuxedo for their graduation. In general,

Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal Essay

Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal - Essay Example The Florida canals are located in South Florida is occupies a relatively low-lying highly carbonate area in terms of the topographical dimension. The area receives a relative relief rainfall pattern and the rainfall distribution is 10mm over 100 Km range. South Florida lies mainly on bedrock whose composition was mainly carbonated material, which was formed over one twenty years ago. The South Florida canals are mainly wetlands forming a critical component of the ecosystem. The increasing levels of chlorine and other chemicals in the canal is a major concern for the government and researchers in general (Gleason 165). Agricultural, household and industrial activities contribute a lot to the increasing levels of chemicals in the canal over the last one hundred years. The quality of water bodies in the Florida canal is deteriorating because of several factors such anthropologic activities, wetlands eutrophication and methylmercury pollution in the canal. Eutrophication is mainly caused by high levels of phosphoric materials from the industries. Marine life in the canal is deteriorating as a result of methylmercury pollution from industrial activities (F. McPherson 59). Moreover, the rate at which the wetlands dry is increasing as due to anthropogenic activities in the Florida canals. This affects the effectiveness at which water flows into the canal that is a big blow to the ecosystem balance. This research, however, focuses on determining the levels or concentration of chloride in the Florida canals.

BUS Unit 3 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUS Unit 3 Individual Project - Essay Example Since then the firm has contributed in production of a large number of commercial cars (PRLOG, 2013). Several automotive components are also manufactured by the company. Apart from America, Ford Motors operates across all the continents in the globe. It offers a substantial amount of employment opportunities in all the economies in which it operates (Webster, 1995). Perhaps, that is the reason for which the Australian government fears for job losses, when Ford decided to cease its manufacturing outlet in Geelong by 2013 due to high manufacturing costs (News Geelong, 2013). Despite of being an American company, Ford cars were visible in the streets of London since 1903. At present its European branch serves 42 countries in the continent with excellent cars, buses and trucks (Banham, 2002). Answer 2: Ford Motors Company has many comparative advantages in the highly competitive market of automobile industry. It has an establish business and enjoys the benefits of a big learning curve. I ts expertise has introduced varied cars in terms of designs and prices, so it targets consumers of all income groups. It comprises of a big pool of resources, like 160000 employees across the world. Its visibility and marketing strategies are excellent. It participates in sponsorship programs in sports events like Formula 1 and taps the young potential consumers. As the company enjoys a wide customer base, it experiences lower cost of production due to economies of scale. The unique design and quality of the Ford cars have substantially helped its brand worth in the market (Moffett, n.d.). Answer 3: The current recession and the economic crisis in the European nations have reduced the overall circulation of money in the economy (Rogers, 2001). Low purchasing powers have created detrimental effect in the aggregate demand for cars in the automobile industry. Ford can always use its experienced technical expertise to feature new models of cars that are less in price and are affordable in the current crisis situations. The company has large pool of financial resources, these resources of the company should be utilized to open more branches and tap the potential customers of the emerging economies in the world like China and India. This would help the company augment its sales in this scarce epoch (Volti, 2004). Answer 4: The governments of most of the nations impose lot of rules and regulations in the automobile industry, primarily due to issues relating to environment. The automobile companies are now forced to pay higher taxes of manufacturing traditional petrol cars. This is a pivotal reason for which giant firms like Ford are engaging in the manufacture of hybrid or electric cars. The gross manufacturing costs of such cars are very high and require high investments in its required car technologies. The total number of consumers for such expensive cars is also less. ‘Focus Electric’ is the electric car manufactured by Ford (Ford, 2013). The company desires to successfully launch the pricy car in 2014 worldwide. The taxes imposed by the governments on companies like Ford are high as Ford cars are considered as luxury items. This reduces the economic reserves of the company, which could be otherwise used in the innovation and development purposes. Since the company operates across many nations in the world, it faces the exchange rate or currency fluctuations risks. Like the high value of Australian